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Ideally, the input format for any high-level formatting system is an abstract description of the content. In this case, that would be the music itself. This poses a formidable problem: how can we define what music really is? Instead of trying to find an answer, we have reversed the question. We write a program capable of producing sheet music, and adjust the format to be as lean as possible. When the format can no longer be trimmed down, by definition we are left with content itself. Our program serves as a formal definition of a music document.
The syntax is also the user-interface for LilyPond, hence it is easy to type
c'4 d'8
a quarter note C1 (middle C) and an eighth note D1 (D above middle C)
On a microscopic scale, such syntax is easy to use. On a larger scale, syntax also needs structure. How else can you enter complex pieces like symphonies and operas? The structure is formed by the concept of music expressions: by combining small fragments of music into larger ones, more complex music can be expressed. For example
c4
Chords can be constructed with <<
and >>
enclosing the notes
<<c4 d4 e4>>
This expression is put in sequence by enclosing it in curly braces
{ ... }
{ f4 <<c4 d4 e4>> }
The above is also an expression, and so it may be combined
again with another simultaneous expression (a half note) using <<,
\\
, and >>
<< g2 \\ { f4 <<c4 d4 e4>> } >>
Such recursive structures can be specified neatly and formally in a context-free grammar. The parsing code is also generated from this grammar. In other words, the syntax of LilyPond is clearly and unambiguously defined.
User-interfaces and syntax are what people see and deal with
most. They are partly a matter of taste, and also subject of much
discussion. Although discussions on taste do have their merit, they
are not very productive. In the larger picture of LilyPond, the
importance of input syntax is small: inventing neat syntax is easy, while
writing decent formatting code is much harder. This is also
illustrated by the line-counts for the respective components: parsing
and representation take up less than 10% of the source code.
Next: Example applications, Previous: What symbols to engrave?, Up: Introduction
This page is for LilyPond-2.10.33 (stable-branch).
Other languages: French.